The Use of Additively Manufactured Concrete Objects

Abstract. Printed concrete elements are now becoming increasingly popular in industrial use within the construction field. This is primarily due to the versatility of 3D printers, which can form virtually any shape, including hollow ones, without the need for moulds. The concretes used in 3D printing can achieve up to six times greater strength than the popular C35/45 construction concretes, and the ability to use variable nozzles enables the printing of both large elements and fine details. However, the technology requires further research, particularly regarding the relationship between concrete strength and printing parameters, as well as the physical characteristics of the concrete mixture.