Atmospheric Gravity Wave Detection in Low-Light Images: A Transfer Learning Approach

Atmospheric gravity waves, as a key fluctuation in the atmosphere, have a significant impact on climate change and weather processes. Traditional observation methods rely on manually identifying and analyzing gravity wave stripe features from satellite images, resulting in a limited number of gravity wave events for parameter analysis and excitation mechanism studies, which restricts further related research. In this study, we focus on the gravity wave events in the South China Sea region and utilize a one-year low-light satellite dataset processed with wavelet transform noise reduction and light pixel replacement. Furthermore, transfer learning is employed to adapt the Inception V3 model to the classification task of a small-sample dataset, performing the automatic identification of gravity waves in low-light images. By employing sliding window cutting and data enhancement techniques, we further expand the dataset and enhance the generalization ability of the model. We compare the results of transfer learning detection based on the Inception V3 model with the YOLO v10 model, showing that the results of the Inception V3 model are greatly superior to those of the YOLO v10 model. The accuracy on the test dataset is 88.2%.