Lateral Distribution Function Estimation of Electrons and Muons using Nishimura-Kamata-Greisen Function

Abstract The density of charged particles in extensive air showers reaching the surface of the Earth was calculated by estimating the lateral distribution function (LDF) of different primary particles at high energies. LDF simulation was performed using the AIRES system (version 19.04.10), a set of programs and subroutines designed to simulate ultra-high-energy air showers resulting from the interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth’s atmosphere. This system includes algorithms for fast simulation and output data management, and can simulate particle showers realistically and manage the related data efficiently. Its aim is to contribute to research on high-energy cosmic ray interactions for two charged particles, like muons and electrons, at very high energies (10 16 , 10 18 , and 10 19 eV) and taking into account the effect of particles, such as protons, helium nuclei, and iron nuclei, and primary energies and zenith angles (0°, 20°, and 40°). The LDF was also calculated using the Nishimura–Kamata–Greisen function, and good agreement was found with the results produced by the AIRES system for high-energy muons and electrons created by primary particles.