Water and Carbon Neutral Buildings: systemic approaches and hybrid strategies

Abstract In order to achieve a real green transition in the design, construction and use of the built environment, especially in contemporary urban contexts, it is necessary to assess the water saving benefits combined with binding energy efficiency and climate neutrality targets in a holistic manner. This approach cannot focus on stand-alone requirements. Special emphasis is placed on technological solutions that transform energy and water consumption from negative to positive at all stages of the life cycle, including construction and operation. The aim is not just to reduce expenditure, but to increase the effectiveness of the savings through an effective and cyclical approach over the long term. This paper presents the results of a research project that develops a set of integrated indicators in accordance with the Itaca Protocol standard, UNI/PdR Practice 13.0:2019, with the introduction of elements from the Level(s). The environmental indicator system is designed to simultaneously assess the requirements of water-neutral and carbon-neutral construction, in line with EU recommendations C/2021/2279 and C/2021/9332. The hybrid water-energy strategies used in the application of this system are evaluated in terms of their potential to achieve the aforementioned goals. This approach, illustrated by best practice examples, aims to provide a holistic assessment of the environmental performance of integrated buildings in contemporary urban contexts, taking into account both water efficiency and carbon reduction. The objective is to guide the technological design and construction of sustainable buildings, promoting a synergetic approach to water and carbon footprint management, starting from the case study of a building in Palermo.