Modelling of long gamma-ray burst host galaxies at cosmic noon from damped Lyman-α absorption statistics

ABSTRACT We study the properties of long gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies using a statistical modelling framework derived to model damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra at high redshift. The distribution of $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$ for GRB-DLAs is $\sim$10 times higher than what is found for quasar-DLAs at similar impact parameters. We interpret this as a temporal selection effect due to the short-lived GRB progenitor probing its host at the onset of a starburst where the interstellar medium may exhibit multiple overdense regions. Owing to the larger $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$, the dust extinction is larger with 29 per cent of GRB-DLAs exhibiting $A(V)\gt 1$ mag in agreement with the fraction of ‘dark bursts’. Despite the differences in $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$ distributions, we find that high-redshift $2 \lt z \lt 3$ quasar- and GRB-DLAs trace the luminosity function of star-forming host galaxies in the same way. We propose that their differences may arise from the fact that the galaxies are sampled at different times in their star formation histories, and that the absorption sightlines probe the galaxy haloes differently. Quasar-DLAs sample the full H i cross-section, whereas GRB-DLAs sample only regions hosting cold neutral medium. Previous studies have found that GRBs avoid high-metallicity galaxies ($\sim$0.5 $Z_{\odot }$). Since at these redshifts galaxies on average have lower metallicities, our sample is only weakly sensitive to such a threshold. Lastly, we find that the modest detection rate of cold gas (H$_2$ or C i) in GRB spectra can be explained mainly by a low volume filling factor of cold gas clouds and to a lesser degree by destruction from the GRB explosion itself.

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Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2024-10-14
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2348
Citations
3
Primary Topic
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.99

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article

Modelling of long gamma-ray burst host galaxies at cosmic noon from damped Lyman-α absorption statistics

P. Jakobsson, J. T. Palmerio, Sarah Jeffreson, L. Christensen et al.
3 citations
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
0.99
article

Modelling of long gamma-ray burst host galaxies at cosmic noon from damped Lyman-α absorption statistics

P. Jakobsson, J. T. Palmerio, Sarah Jeffreson, L. Christensen, D. Watson, J. P. U. Fynbo, P. Møller, Jens-Kristian Krogager, P. Noterdaeme, S. D. Vergani, G. Björnsson, A. De, C. Ledoux, K. E. Heintz
article en
3 citations

Abstract

ABSTRACT We study the properties of long gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies using a statistical modelling framework derived to model damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra at high redshift. The distribution of $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$ for GRB-DLAs is $\sim$10 times higher than what is found for quasar-DLAs at similar impact parameters. We interpret this as a temporal selection effect due to the short-lived GRB progenitor probing its host at the onset of a starburst where the interstellar medium may exhibit multiple overdense regions. Owing to the larger $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$, the dust extinction is larger with 29 per cent of GRB-DLAs exhibiting $A(V)\gt 1$ mag in agreement with the fraction of ‘dark bursts’. Despite the differences in $N_{\rm H\, {\small I}}$ distributions, we find that high-redshift $2 \lt z \lt 3$ quasar- and GRB-DLAs trace the luminosity function of star-forming host galaxies in the same way. We propose that their differences may arise from the fact that the galaxies are sampled at different times in their star formation histories, and that the absorption sightlines probe the galaxy haloes differently. Quasar-DLAs sample the full H i cross-section, whereas GRB-DLAs sample only regions hosting cold neutral medium. Previous studies have found that GRBs avoid high-metallicity galaxies ($\sim$0.5 $Z_{\odot }$). Since at these redshifts galaxies on average have lower metallicities, our sample is only weakly sensitive to such a threshold. Lastly, we find that the modest detection rate of cold gas (H$_2$ or C i) in GRB spectra can be explained mainly by a low volume filling factor of cold gas clouds and to a lesser degree by destruction from the GRB explosion itself.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical SocietyVol. 535(1)
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (FR), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon (FR), University of Geneva (CH), University of Copenhagen (DK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), European Southern Observatory (DE), Janssen (Belgium) (BE), University of Iceland (IS), Délégation Paris 7 (FR), Université Paris Cité (FR), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), Brera Astronomical Observatory (IT), Sorbonne Université (FR), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (FR), Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation (FR), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), European Southern Observatory (CL)
National Science Foundation, Harvard University, National Research Foundation, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, Carlsbergfondet, European Southern Observatory, Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond
Openalex Percentile: Top 23%
Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
0.99
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