Design of an Electromagnetic Suspension System Based on a New Type of High-Temperature Superconducting and Normal Conducting Hybrid Electromagnet

To address the issues of high energy consumption, coil heating, and narrow suspension gap in traditional electromagnetic suspension (EMS) systems, a novel electromagnetic core structure—inverted E-shaped—is introduced. The second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape is employed to provide the primary suspension force, while normal conductance aluminum coils are utilized for regulating force. Based on finite-element simulation, a comparison is made between the suspension force and the suspension gap of hybrid and traditional suspension systems. An equivalent magnetic circuit model for the hybrid system is established, along with its corresponding solution flow. The proportional–integral–derivative control parameters of the suspension system are designed and simulated to verify their accuracy. This novel suspension structure exhibits less energy consumption and a large suspension gap and reduces wireless coil heating issues, thereby providing valuable guidance for the development of high-speed EMS maglev trains.