Multifaceted Analysis of L-Alanine-Doped Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate Single Crystals for Optical Modulation Application

Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate (CBS) and L-Alanine-doped Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate (ACBS) single crystals were grown using the slow evaporation technique. Xpert HighScore software was utilized to determine lattice parameters including Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), crystallite size, and lattice strain. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups present in the samples. The thermal properties of CBS and ACBS crystals were analyzed using Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis. Optical properties including optical conductivity, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The mechanical characteristics of both samples were studied using Vicker's microhardness testing, and the dielectric response was recorded for various frequencies. The second harmonic generation values of samples were compared to those of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Overall, CBS and ACBS crystals demonstrate promising characteristics as sustainable materials for optical modulation. Incorporating amino acids, such as L-Alanine, enhances the photoconductive properties of the crystals by improving charge carrier mobility and reducing recombination rates, resulting in more efficient optical modulation. This study explores the impact of doping single crystals with amino acids on their optoelectronic and dielectric properties for potential applications in optical modulation devices. Specifically, this research investigates the role of L-Alanine, a zwitterionic amino acid, in enhancing the performance of CBS single crystals, with the aim of optimizing their structural, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties for optical modulation. These findings highlight the potential of amino acid-doped single crystals in advancing optical devices, driving innovations in optoelectronics and photonics.