Toxicity of fermented ginger waste extract in controlling the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) and beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) under laboratory conditions

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) waste is a residue from industrial factories that has potential for utilization in the production of bio-extract for pest control.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity of fermented ginger waste extract through contact toxicity and oral toxicity methods in controlling the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius) and the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hbner).The experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 replicates.Mortality rates were recorded at 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment under laboratory conditions.Fermented ginger waste extract at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% (w/v) was used.The results showed that for the contact toxicity method at 100% concentration after 96 h, the common cutworm had the highest mortality rate of 76.00 1.29% (LC50 = 14.450 g larva -1 ), while the beet armyworm had the highest mortality rate of 66.00 0.95% (LC50 = 68.426g larva -1 ).For the oral toxicity method, the common cutworm had the highest mortality rate of 52.00 1.70% at 100% concentration after 96 h (LC50 = 91.275g larva -1 ), and the beet armyworm had the highest mortality rate of 58.00 1.02% at 100% concentration after 96 h (LC50 = 88.400g larva -1 ).Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of fermented ginger waste extract in controlling common cutworm and beet armyworm under laboratory conditions, and it has the potential for further application in field conditions.