Studying the Transmission of Height Traits in Second Generation Reciprocal Wheat Hybrids

The presented article presents the results of a study of height inheritance in reciprocal hybrid combinations of the second generation (F2) of common wheat. The research was carried out in the 2020–2021 growing season at the experimental site of the experimental base at the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of Azerbaijan under irrigation conditions. In the year of research, the heights of 9 local varieties (Azeri, Gobustan, Fatima, Gyrmyzy gul-1, Murov-2, Askeran, Matin, Onur and Mirbashir-128) of soft wheat were studied, which were used as the parent form and 32 reciprocal combinations of the second generation. The degree and frequency of transgression was determined. During the growing season, agrotechnical work was carried out in accordance with the accepted methodology. In terms of height, the studied samples belonged to semi-dwarf (51.0-80.0 cm) and medium-sized (81.0-110.0 cm) varieties and combinations. Plant height in parental forms ranged from 70.0-97.0 cm. In hybrid combinations, plant height ranged from 60.0-95.0 cm. 71.9% of combinations (23 pcs.) were semi-dwarf and 28.1% combinations (9 pcs.) an average increase was observed. Transgressive variability in plant height was calculated using the method of G. S. Voskresensky and V. I. Spot. According to the results of the study, negative transgression was observed in hybrid combinations of the second generation (F2), which were characterized by low dominance and heterosis in the first generation (F1). As a result of the study, it can be concluded that short-growing hybrids can be obtained by involving varieties of the same height in hybridization, and taller forms can be obtained by using short-growing varieties in hybridization. The reciprocal hybrids Askeran × Gobustan and Askeran × Murov-2 showed a negative level of transgression when using the Askeran variety as the maternal form.