Impact of Wettability on CO₂ Dynamic Dissolution in Three-Dimensional Porous Media: Pore-Scale Simulation Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

Understanding the dissolution behavior of supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) in porous media is crucial for efficient CO₂ storage. However, the precise modeling of dynamic dissolution behavior at this pore scale remains a huge challenge, and the impact of wettability on this process still needs to be clarified. In this study, the influence of rock wettability on CO₂ dynamic dissolution in the three-dimensional porous media is investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The LBM is coupled with scCO₂-water two-phase flow, solute transport, and heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions. The size, number, and dissolution pattern of scCO₂ bubbles during the dissolution process are observed under strongly water-wet, weakly water-wet, intermediate-wet, and mixed-wet conditions. The CO₂(aq) concentration and pH are investigated, followed by a quantitative investigation of the impact of wettability on the specific interface area and the mass transfer coefficient. An empirical relationship between the specific interface area and scCO₂ saturation is established. The findings reveal that under weakly water-wet and intermediate-wet conditions, the sizes of scCO₂ clusters and monomers are small and mostly distributed at the dead end of the pores. In contrast, under strongly water-wet and mixed-wet conditions, the clusters are larger and interconnected, and distributed in the center of the pore. This results in a greater scCO₂-water interface area, consequently enhancing the dissolution rate. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation is observed between scCO₂ saturation and specific interface area. It is noted that as the hydrophilicity of the rock increases, the mass transfer coefficient initially rises and then declines.