THE WATER CRISIS LOOMS LARGE IN PAKISTAN WHICH MAY FACE ABSOLUTE SCARCITY

Pakistan has the fourth-highest rate of water use in the world, as reported by the IMF (International Monetary Fund), and is the 3rd greatest water-stress country in the world.Water can be scarce for many reasons: water supply is very low compared to demand, infrastructure is inadequate, and institutions fail to balance every person’s daily needs. Water scarcity is a global problem, with the most badly and worse affected communities. In this thesis we can measure Pakistan’s water scarcity with the four main indicators. The four main indicators can be measured in a country’s water scarcity: The Water Poverty Index, Water Resources Vulnerability Index, the Falkenmark indicator, and Physical and Economic Water Scarcity Indicators. Currently, Pakistan is one of the countries where demand of water exceeds over available water supply with the giving of these 4 indicators. There are many reasons for Pakistan’s water scarcity, being increased populace, citified and computerization, climate change, unsatisfactory warehouse, residues in the existing tank, corrupt system efficiency, irrigational problem and traditional methods of farming, and insufficient finance. The possible alternatives to overcome these issues are the construction of small and large dams where possible, the construction proper irrigation system, improving the surface water governance with suitable pricing, controlling the increase in population, improving transportation, changing the existing harvesting patterns by accepting low delta crops and using saline groundwater, in conjunction with independently with salt accepting crops. Nevertheless, a unified approach is required to optimally use water resources.