Analysis of Capillary Water Absorption within Unsaturated Concrete Based on the Principle of Stationary Action

Capillary water absorption plays a critical role in the ingress of corrosive elements during the construction of concrete structures in corrosive environments. This study presented a novel approach for analyzing capillary water flow within unsaturated concrete based on the principle of stationary action. The flow of water within the concrete capillary pores can be regarded as a variational problem, while the principle of stationary action provides a method for determining the path solution. The evolution and distribution characteristics of water content and wetting front were explicitly determined using the exponential and power hydraulic functions. A simplistic yet effective approach for determining these hydraulic parameters was put forward based on the relationship between the position of the wetting front and the diffusivity parameters. The proposed approach exhibited enhanced theoretical robustness and entailed fewer hypotheses compared to existing methodologies. Furthermore, the material hydraulic parameters in the proposed approach can be determined explicitly. The governing equations for capillary water flow were derived in accordance with the principle of stationary action. Numerical simulations were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach can accurately predict capillary water flow and diffusivity parameters within unsaturated concrete. The findings of this study contribute to developing more effective strategies to mitigate moisture-related damage in concrete structures.