The emerging role of cryogenesis in cancer treatment

Cancer is one of the most lethal chronic diseases in the world. In the United States alone, over 1.7 million diagnosed new cases of cancer cases was reported in 2022 and over half a million people died due to complication regarding cancer in that same year. The mutation that gives rise to cancer cells occurs in normal cells and causes them to proliferate uncontrollably, obstructing essential organs and making the body more vulnerable to deadly infectious infections. In modern society, the combination of a sedentary lifestyle and exposure to unsafe molecules around the public has drastically increased the masss probability of mutation within their genetics and for cancer cells to proliferate. Cryogenesis therapy is the usage of cryogenic substances such as liquid nitrogen or argon gas to freeze and destroy the cancer cell. Cryogenesis generally involves the repetition of two steps: the freezing process and the thawing process. The freezing process is performed under extremely low temperatures and allows for the formation of ice crystals both on the inside and outside of the cell membrane, which in terms causes the rupture of the cell membrane. The thawing process is performed after the freezing process and allows the target cell to thaw; the thawing process is performed to induce osmotic shock and further induce the damage caused by the freezing process. The two cryogenesis cycles are repeated to reinforce the damage caused to the cancer cells. Compared with traditional therapies, cryogenesis therapy, as a non-invasive treatment, has The advantages of using cryogenesis are the therapys non-invasive treatment methods, pinpoint precision and accuracy, reduced side effects after the therapy, and repeatability. Although the cryogenesis process is still new in under development, it has the potential to be effective against the most lethal cancer types, such as lung cancer and brain cancer. This review explores a new treatment for cancer, in cryogenesis, that have minimal side-effect and discusses its mechanism and application to different type of cancer and combination effect.