The Potential and Utilization of Solar Energy for Water and Space Heating in Households in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia)

This paper investigates the potential and application of solar energy for space and water heating in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Vojvodina is characterized by a favorable geographical position, receiving between 2000–2400 hours of sunshine annually, which makes it a suitable region for solar energy utilization. In residential applications, solar thermal systems can meet up to 60–70% of the annual hot water needs of households in Vojvodina. The economic benefits include significant cost savings on energy bills and reduced dependency on conventional fuels. Installing this system in a four-member household would save around 2,400 kWh of electricity annually, valued at approximately 120 EUR. Environmentally, solar heating reduces greenhouse gas emissions and supports Serbia's climate commitments. The practical utility of this study lies in its potential to inform energy policy and promote sustainable energy practices, reducing dependence on non-renewable energy sources and contributing to environmental conservation.