Health Education Nursing Based on BCW Theory Improve Negative Psychology, Sleep and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients After Cardiac Interventional Surgery: A Retrospective Study

Objective: Guided by Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) theory, a rehabilitation nursing intervention program for patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was constructed. This study aimed to explore the impact of this intervention program on the negative emotions, sleep quality, and quality of life of patients after PCI. Methods: Patients with coronary heart disease after PCI who visited the cardiology department in our hospital from September 2022 to February 2024 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into two groups according to the order of the operation time: 57 cases in the conventional group and 56 in the BCW group. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate (RHR) of the two groups before the administration (T1) and at the end of 3 month administration (T2) were evaluated. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and quality of life scale were used in measuring the anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and quality of life levels of the two groups of patients at two-time points. Results: A total of 113 cases were included: 57 cases in the conventional group and 56 in the BCW group. The BCW group had larger improvements in RHR and blood pressure than the conventional group (p < 0.05). The SAS and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores of the BCW group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group (p < 0.05). After nursing based on the BCW model was implemented, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores of the patients in the BCW group were lower than those in the conventional group (p < 0.001). After 3 months of administration, the SF-36 total score and other dimensional scores in the BCW group were higher than those in the conventional group (p < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between the groups before administration (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Intervention programs based on BCW theory may help to reduce patients' depression and anxiety levels, potentially exerting positive effects that improve RHR and cardiac function in patients after coronary intervention and improving patients' sleep and life quality.