Therapeutic Effects of Ginseng and Doxorubicin on DMBA-Induced Ovarian Cancer in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Background Ovarian cancer can be attributed to various external factors, such as tobacco use, exposure to chemicals and radiation, and infections. Internal factors, including inherited mutations, hormonal factors, immune conditions, and random mutations, also play a role in its development. Exposure to carcinogen such as 7,12 Dimethyl Benz Anthracene can induce ovarian cancer. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of Ginseng and Doxorubicin on Ovotoxicity induced by DMBA in Wistar rat. s Methods A total number of twenty-five females (25) wistar rats which average weight was 135g were used and the animals were randomly split into five groups (A, B, C, D, E) with each group comprising of five rats. Group A (served as the control) given physiological saline only, Group B were induced with 7,12 Dimethyl Benz Anthracene and post treated with Ginseng (50 mg/kg) (GIN). Group C were induced with 7,12 DMBA and post treated with Doxorubicin (25mg/kg). Group D were induced with 7,12 DMBA and post treated with Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg) and Ginseng (50 mg/kg). Group E were induced with 7,12 Dimethyl Benz (a) Anthracene (DMBA) (50mg/kg). Drug administration was done orally using oral cannula and intramuscularly using syringe and needle. Results Ovary histoarchitecture for control group A, B (GIN group), and D (DOX+GIN group) revealed intact organization and structure of the ovary. In these groups, no observable pathological changes were seen as the ovaries were characterized with the presence of numerous follicular cells with a normal and well-defined cellular density. For C (DOX group), the histoarchitecture showed a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, typically resulting from a ruptured blood vessel (hematoma of blood vessels) and slight degenerative changes in the ovary. For E (DMBA group), showed atrophied and atretic ovarian cells, necrotic oocyte, severe degenerative changes were also observed. For Hormonal analysis, there was a significant decrease in Serum FSH & LH concentration in DMBA treated group compared to the Ginseng and control groups. Conclusions DMBA evidently induced ovarian toxicity, and its effects were efficiently attenuated by the use of Ginseng and Doxorubicin.