Impact of Pine Oil Blend in CRDI Diesel Engine with Different Injection Pressures

Concerns about running out of fossil fuels and harming the environment have led to research into alternative fuels. This study examines how pine oil blends work in a CRDI diesel engine with different injection pressures. The goal is to understand the fuel's properties and performance. We looked at the chemical and physical properties of pine oil biodiesel blends. The oil samples were tested using methods like GCMS and FTIR to learn about their chemical makeup and functional groups. We also analyzed how the oil behaves at different temperatures. Nanoparticles added to the fuel were studied with SEM to see their size and shape. These tests gave us important information about the quality and suitability of pine oil biodiesel blends for diesel engines. The study also evaluates how well pine oil biodiesel blends perform and their emissions in a CRDI diesel engine under different conditions. First, the engine was tested with blends at different load levels (10%, 20%, and 30%) to find the best blend ratio. The 20% pine oil biodiesel blend was found to be the best. Then, the injection pressure was changed from 400 to 1000 bar to find the best pressure for engine performance and reducing emissions. The best pressure was 800 bar. We also added Nano TiO2 (50 & 75 ppm) with ethanol (5% & 10%) to the fuel blend, which improved combustion efficiency and reduced harmful emissions. The results showed that pine oil blends when optimized with the right injection pressures and additives, can greatly improve engine performance and reduce emissions compared to regular diesel. These findings suggest that pine oil biodiesel blends, especially with nanoparticles and ethanol, are a good and eco-friendly alternative to conventional diesel fuel. This study offers practical solutions for sustainable energy and reducing environmental impact.