Pharmacological Potentials of the Genus Coccoloba and Its Phytochemical Constituents: An Updated Review Since 2020

Genus Coccoloba is the third largest genus among Family Polygonaceae (Knotweed family), comprising about 120 species. Pursuing to our exploration of various Coccoloba species, an updated mini-review about the phytochemical and biological profiling of its species is presented. It covers the scientific literature from 2020 - till now. Various biological activities were verified and assessed, e.g., antiprotozoal, smooth muscle relaxation, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective. Phytochemical studies disclosed the presence of lignin oligomers, alkaloids and new methylated flavonoids. Some extracts were incorporated in modern pharmaceutical formulations for enhanced stability and permeability. Finally, the review explore the pitfalls of scientific literature investigating Coccoloba species.