Exploring Role of SMAD3 in Serum of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Background: Being an autoimmune and inflammatory illness, rheumatoid arthritis results from the body's immune system attacking healthy cells by mistake, creating inflammation in the affected areas. Aim of study: The purpose of this study was to use ELISA to assess the serum concentration level of SMAD3 in RA patients and control groups.. Methodology: The research was conducted between October 15, 2023, and January 15, 2024.The study, conducted at the Medical City Hospital under the Baghdad Government, involved male and female participants ranging in age from 18 to over 75. All participants in the trial provided a total of 90 clinical specimens (5 ml of blood): 45 patients and 45 controls. To use ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay) to examine the immunological parameter Smad3, blood was taken from the patients. Results: There were statistically significant variations in the means of the concentration levels of the parameter Smad3 in RA patients (12.11±4.91) and controls 1.89 (0.98_4). Expression of Smad3 (ng/ml): For RA patients, the male median was 11.21±5.09 (range: 7.33–15.83), whereas the female median was 12.61±4.83 (range: 8.32–16.29). In Stage 1, Smad3 achieved 7.26±2.75, in Stage 2, 10.25±1.46, in Stage 3, 12.3±4.04, and in Stage 4, 18.97±1.72. Conclusion: There were statistically significant variations between the means of the concentration levels of the parameter Smad3 in RA patients and controls. There may be a slight correlation between RA stages and biomarker levels (Smad3), however this relationship is not statistically significant, and the effects are small.