Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex with Special Reference to Mycoplasma bovis in Egypt

Mycoplasma bovis-related diseases in cattle are a global issue that negatively affects cattle husbandry in terms of both animal welfare and the economy. Many clinical symptoms, such as mastitis, pneumonia, infertility and abortion, otitis media, keratoconjunctivitis, and arthritis. To find gaps in our understanding of the causative organism regarding disease pathology, diagnosis, and control techniques, we examine and analyze the available data on diagnosis and control. The following are the main factors to consider there are no commercially available vaccines; antimicrobial resistance is rising; diagnostic and antimicrobial sensitivity testing need to be improved; and a pen-side test would enable quicker diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment implementation. It is necessary to gather more information on immune response, stress variables, infectious dosage levels, and host susceptibility. Further research is required to understand the effects of a symptomatic carriers, on the survival of M. bovis in the environment. In order to accelerate the development of vaccines, additional genomic study of M. bovis is necessary, its pathogenic mechanisms, which include variable surface proteins, and repeatable disease models.