Comparative Study on Cellulase Production and Optimization by Bacillus species and Aspergillus niger Using Wheat Bran Under Solid-State Fermentation.

Microbial cellulases are extremely adaptable catalysts that have a wide range of applications in the food and animal feed, brewing, paper and pulp, textile, laundry, biofuel, and agricultural industries. Because of the complexity of enzyme systems and their wide range of commercial applications, cellulases have garnered a great deal of interest from the scientific community. In this work, we examine how well Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cerious can create and optimize cellulases following the use of Central Composite Design. The variables under investigation for optimum cellulase production in solid-state fermentation settings are substrate, pH, and incubation temperature. At pH 4.32, temperature 33, and substrate 12, Aspergillus niger produced the greatest cellulose activity of 124.48 (compared to the expected cellulase activity of 109.01 U/ml). On the other hand the lowest cellulose activity was 24.08 U/ml (predicted cellulase activity, 25.34 U/ml) obtained at pH 6, temperature 41 and substrate 12. The highest cellulose activity produced by Bacillus subtilis was 95.64 (predicted cellulase activity, 91.01 U/ml) obtained at pH 9, temperature 50 and substrate 7.96. On the other hand the lowest cellulose activity was 28.68 U/ml (predicted cellulase activity, 26.88 U/ml) obtained at pH 10.86, temperature 50 and substrate 12. The highest cellulose activity produced by Bacillus cerious was 88.08 U/ml (predicted cellulase activity, 91.61 U/ml) obtained at pH 9, temperature 50 and substrate 7.96. On the other hand the lowest cellulose activity was 33.96 U/ml (predicted cellulase activity, 39.01 U/ml) obtained at pH 7.32, temperature 50 and substrate 12. The application of CCD and the comparison study of this work revealed that the highest cellulose activity was produced by Aspergillus niger (124.48 U/ml) followed by Bacillus subtilis (95.64 U/ml) and finally Bacillus cerious (88.08 U/ml). Aspergillus niger is the most reliable for producing higher amount of cellulase than Bacillus species. The results of this work also offer a different method for making use of agricultural waste and a way to efficiently produce cellulase for the breakdown of lignocellulosic materials, both of which have positive consequences for sustainable waste management. In conclusion Aspergillus niger is the most reliable for producing higher amount of cellulase than Bacillus species. Furthermore, this study's results offer a different way to use agricultural waste and a method for effectively producing cellulase, which is needed for the breakdown of lignocellulosic materials. These discoveries have a chance to improve sustainable waste management.