Recent advances and potential applications for solar still-based direct solar desalination systems

Freshwater scarcity depletes available water resources continuously. According to the World Economic Forum, this issue represents the most significant worldwide peril that impacts the entire human race. According to the United Nations, climate change is projected to impact potable water supplies to around 40% of the population by 2030. Numerous endeavors have been undertaken to transform saltwater into potable water via osmosis, multi-effect thermal desalination, and energy-intensive technologies. The inverse. Renewable energy can be utilized to desalinate a portion of the ocean's water, and solar desalination systems serve as a comprehensive case study demonstrating the significance of energy and cost reductions. This study examines recent advancements in solar water desalination, emphasizing integrating solar energy with other disciplines to increase productivity, decrease costs, and enhance energy efficiency. The objectives of desalination are to enrich the thermal energy source, decrease the cost of potable water, and improve the distillated ater. A comprehensive examination of emerging technologies about solar water desalination, including but not limited to concentrated solar energy, photovoltaic panels, humidification and dehumidification methods, and evaporation aides.