Genome editing technologies and prospects for their use in biomedicine

Genome editing technologies and their modifications are an indispensable tool for studying the functions of individual molecules, obtaining cell lines and animals with specified properties, and developing promising approaches to the therapy of previously untreatable diseases. This review covers various aspects of genome editing technologies: from their biological significance to the principles of their functioning and the most promising areas of application in basic and applied research. Particular attention is paid to discussing the limitations of genome editing technologies, as well as the legal and ethical aspects of their application to human genome modification. This review may be of interest to a wide range of readers, including researchers wishing to learn more about genome editing technologies and planning their practical application.