Optimizing Acoustic Performance and Structural Integrity of the Oud

This paper presents a combined numerical and experimental investigation into the vibroacoustic behavior of a traditional oud. An experimental modal analysis was conducted using impact hammer testing to determine the oud’s soundboard’s dynamic characteristics and frequency response function for up to 400[Formula: see text]Hz. Finite element analysis was used to model the oud, incorporating its precise geometry, the wood’s orthotropic material properties, and its interaction with the surrounding air. Validation was performed by matching the numerical and experimental mode shapes and the natural frequencies. Harmonic acoustic analysis examined the oud’s sound pressure level radiation and cavity resonance. Structural–acoustic optimizations were conducted systematically, varying the soundhole’s size, the soundboard’s thickness, and the dimensions of the internal bracing to maximize the acoustics properties while minimizing the structural stress. The effects of these geometric factors on the instrument’s tonal characteristics were quantified. The results provide physical insights into the relationship between the oud’s construction and sound production. The methodology demonstrates a rigorous approach combining simulations and experimentation to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the vibroacoustic behavior of a musical instrument. This fundamental understanding could guide future improvements in the design of ouds.