Formulation and Evaluation of Famciclovir Microsphere Loaded Capsule for the Treatment of Herpes Virus Infection

Herpes virus infections, caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), are significant global health challenges. Famciclovir, an effective antiviral agent, is hindered by poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. This study aimed to address these issues by developing famciclovir-loaded microsphere capsules using the ionotropic gelation method. Microspheres were fabricated with sodium alginate as the polymer matrix and calcium chloride as the cross-linking agent. Formulation optimization focused on enhancing drug loading efficiency, achieving uniform particle size distribution, and maximizing encapsulation efficiency. Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful formation of spherical microspheres with effective famciclovir encapsulation. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained and controlled release kinetics, suggesting potential benefits such as reduced dosing frequency and improved patient adherence. The developed famciclovir microsphere-loaded capsules exhibit promising characteristics including high encapsulation efficiency, controlled release behaviour, and improved bioavailability, indicating their suitability for treating herpes virus infections effectively.