Socio-Economical Analysis of a Green Reverse Logistics Network under Uncertainty: A Case Study of Hospital Constructions

This study addresses the critical issue of managing construction and demolition waste in urban environments. Effective waste management is not only essential for minimizing costs but also for enhancing sustainability and reducing environmental impact. In this context, the research introduces a green reverse logistics model designed for C&D waste management, integrating both sustainability considerations and current regulatory frameworks, such as LEED. A key innovation of this model is the incorporation of electric vehicles for waste collection, compared to traditional diesel vehicles, as part of the logistical process, as carbon emission is a significant concern. By evaluating the limitations and opportunities associated with electric vehicles, alongside robust optimization to manage uncertainties in waste collection, the model seeks to balance environmental, social, and economic objectives. It further incorporates decision-making tools like fuzzy logic to optimize multi-objective outcomes across various waste facilities, including separation labs, incineration centers, recycling centers, and landfills. A case study conducted in Tehran validates the model, highlighting the socio-economic and environmental benefits of using electric vehicles in waste collection. Sensitivity analysis indicates that hybrid and socially focused policies perform best under high-impact scenarios, although results can differ with varying data sets. Despite the complexity of managing reverse logistics networks, this research provides valuable insights for supply chain planners. It suggests potential future directions, such as the application of metaheuristic algorithms and improved stochastic planning methods.