Embedded-core fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer enhanced by cascaded long-period gratings for sensing applications

In this work, we propose and analyse the performance of a cascaded long period grating (LPG) coupled with an embedded-core Fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for sensing applications. We investigate the improved sensing capabilities made possible by this hybridized setup through experimental. By adding further phase shifts to the interferometric output, the cascaded LPGs allow for the accurate detection of environmental variables like temperature and refractive index. We optimize for optimal sensitivity and accuracy by methodically analysing the parameters on the sensor performance. However, by employing cascaded LPFGs instead of a single LPFG, we overcome this limitation and unlock new potential for sensing applications. According to our experimental work, the suggested MZI-LPG sensor platform has a lot of potential for sensing. This might lead to improvements in industries.