Biogenic Synthesis, Optimization, and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Rumex abyssinicus Jacq root extract for antioxidant and antibacterial activities

• The method in this study is simple, clean, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. • Optimization of operational parameters to synthesize ZnO NPs. • Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Rumex abyssinicus Jacq root extract and ZnO nanoparticles. • Total polyphenol and flavonoid of root extract and ZnO n nanoparticles. • ZnO nanoparticles show high antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Nanoparticles may be synthesized through chemical, physical, and biological strategies, but the former strategies contain critical troubles, including environmental toxicity and cost-effectiveness. This work addresses adopting a green synthesis method for ZnO NPs using Rumex abyssinicus Jacq root extract for antibacterial and antioxidant programs. A UV–vis spectrophotometer optimized various factors, including temperature, pH, time, zinc acetate dihydrate attention, and the volume ratio of zinc acetate dihydrate to plant root extract. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs had been examined using exclusive characterization instrunments. ZnO NPs and Rumex abyssinicus Jacq root extract confirmed enormous inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacterial lines, inclusive of the gram-negative bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus typhi and the gram-positive bacterial pressure Staphylococcus aureus . ZnO NPs and Rumex abyssinicus Jacq root extract exhibited the best antioxidant sports. consequently, this has a look at confirmed that Rumex abyssinicus Jacq root extract is an effective decreasing agent for the synthesis of ZnO NPs, which exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant activities.