Transformational Leadership, Interpersonal Communication, Information and Communication Technology Literacy, and Knowledge Management

The purpose of this research is to identify strategies to enhance school effectiveness by strengthening transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, ICT literacy, and knowledge management. A quantitative method with path analysis was applied, and SITOREM analysis was used to optimize each indicator. The study involved 445 teachers from private vocational schools in Depok City, with a sample of 211 teachers. The findings reveal that school effectiveness can be improved by reinforcing transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, ICT literacy, and knowledge management. Key strategies include addressing weak indicators such as feedback, empathy, knowledge application, and access. Statistical tests show significant positive direct effects of: 1) transformational leadership on school effectiveness (Sig=0.032), 2) interpersonal communication on school effectiveness (Sig=0.000), 3) ICT literacy on school effectiveness (Sig=0.001), and 4) knowledge management on school effectiveness (Sig=0.001). Additionally, transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, and ICT literacy all positively affect knowledge management. Knowledge management serves as an effective mediator for the influence of transformational leadership (Sig=0.004) and interpersonal communication (Sig=0.001) on school effectiveness, but not for ICT literacy (Sig=0.356).