Adsorbent Properties of Porous Boron Nitride and Activated Carbon: A Comparative Study

Porous boron nitrides possess beneficial properties such as high thermal and chemical stability which are critical for applications in adsorption processes. In order to assess possible fields of applications, trace-level adsorption isotherms of different hydrocarbons on two synthesized porous boron nitrides and two commercial activated carbons are compared. By normalizing the adsorptive loadings on the micropore surface area, superior adsorption performances of the BN materials on polar and aromatic adsorptives with up to 50% higher loadings compared to the activated carbons can be shown. Nonpolar adsorptives, on the other hand, feature higher specific loadings on the activated carbon. Consequently, the size of the micropore surface appears to be decisive for nonpolar adsorptives, while the higher polarity of the boron nitrides is the dominant influencing factor for the adsorption of polar and aromatic components. For an energetic study of the adsorbents, calorimetric experiments were performed to identify and discuss adsorbent-adsorptive interactions. While the initial heat of adsorption of the nonpolar <i>n</i>-hexane is lower on the boron nitride than on the activated carbon due to a less favorable spatial arrangement, toluene shows comparable values on both adsorbent classes and the polar acetone shows higher values on the polar boron nitride. Considering technical applications in adsorption technology, the thermal stability of the boron nitrides is investigated using spontaneous ignition temperatures and points of initial oxidation. Here, the porous boron nitrides with oxidation temperatures above 900 °C show about 400 °C higher values and thus a significantly higher thermal stability.