Earthquake Occurrence Temporal Characteristics of the Kohat-Potwar Plateau

In the present analysis, the homogeneous, updated and complete seismic catalog of the Kohat-Potwar plateau was analyzed through dynamic time dependent statistical models. The study region earthquake interoccurrence times are assumed as a stochastic study variable and it follows one of the renewal models. A rich and updated class of statistical models was used to identify the most parsimonious one. The developed models will serve the purpose of describing, analyzing and forecasting the earthquake occurrence probabilities in the future. The model parameters were estimated through the method of maximum likelihood. Different statistical evaluation criteria were used to prioritize the estimated models according to their fitting performance to the observed data. We have found that the interoccurrence times of the study region can plausibly be described through the log-logistic model. Based on the log-logistic model, it has been found that there is a significantly high probability (>90%) of another earthquake occurrence of Mw ≥ 5.3 in the region in near future (2023‒2028). These probabilities increase with increasing time periods since the last event occurrence. The mean recurrence period of another earthquake of Mw ≥ 5.3, based on the most suitable log-logistic model, is almost three and half years with 1.80 years as standard error, i.e., 3.38 ± 1.80 years. The quantification of earthquake occurrence uncertainties in the study region provides many useful quantitative estimates that have crucial importance in seismic hazard and risk analysis studies of a region.