Extracting the femtometer structure of strange baryons using the vacuum polarization effect
One of the fundamental goals of particle physics is to gain a microscopic understanding of the strong interaction. Electromagnetic form factors quantify the structure of hadrons in terms of charge and magnetization distributions. While the nucleon structure has been investigated extensively, data on hyperons are still scarce. It has recently been demonstrated that electron-positron annihilations into hyperon-antihyperon pairs provide a powerful tool to investigate their inner structure. We present a method useful for hyperon-antihyperon pairs of different types which exploits the cross section enhancement due to the effect of vacuum polarization at the J/ψ resonance. Using the 10 billion J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, this allows a precise determination of the hyperon structure function. The result is essentially a precise snapshot of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:math> transition process, encoded in the transition form factor ratio and phase. Their values are measured to be R = 0.860 ± 0.029(stat.) ± 0.015(syst.), <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.011</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.094</mml:mn> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>stat.</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.010</mml:mn> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>syst.</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Φ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Σ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2.128</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.094</mml:mn> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>stat.</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.010</mml:mn> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>syst.</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math> . Furthermore, charge-parity (CP) breaking is investigated in this reaction and found to be consistent with CP symmetry.
Authors
- Z. W. Ge (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9170-0091)
- E.-J. Jang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-9887)
- Ziwei Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-1399)
- R. E. Mitchell
- T. Chen
- M. Bertani
- H. K. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-3347)
- Z. J. Chen
- Z. Wang
- S. Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2075-8631)
- S. J. Chen
- J. Y. Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-495X)
- A. Lavania
- A. Kupść (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-2270)
- M. Kuemmel
- H. L. (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9771-2802)
- Angela B. Brueggemann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-1934)
- Ch. Rosner
- R. Kliemt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6013-3329)
- S. M. Chen
- Y. D. Wang
- C. Z. Yuan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1652-6686)
- J. Q. Zhang
- J. L. Liu
- P. L. Liu
- M. H. Li
- W. G. Li
- L. Q. Zhang
- Feng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-2090)
- Xinyao Zeng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2559-8398)
- Y. Pan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-7299)
- J. S. Lange (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0234-0474)
- K. H. Rashid
- S. Nisar
- C. F. Qiao
- M. Y. Dong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4359-3091)
- X. M. Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-2195)
- Y. H. Xie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5610-232X)
- J. Libby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1219-3247)
- I. Balossino
- V. Rodin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-2700)
- L. Lavezzi
- M. Maggiora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4143-9127)
- L. J. Li
- M. H. Ye
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- I. Boyko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-4662)
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- L. Z. Liao
- G. S. Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7374-421X)
- T. Hussain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-1787)
- X. Y. Shan
- B. Zhong
- J. Z. Zhao
- X. L. Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8749-6501)
- S. Q. Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6737-4042)
- H. L. Yang
- Shuihan Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3608-0624)
- C. Liang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3668-0602)
- P. R. Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-3646)
- Ke Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-1124)
- Haiying Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-5443)
- Cheng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-8855)
- Lu Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-0198)
- Kun Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-0501)
- L. Yuan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-5397)
- Hua Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-5255)
- Ting Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-1110)
- Qin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-148X)
- Xiaoyu Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-6292)
- Yan Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0437-8348)
- Y. C. Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7340-7871)
- T. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-4526)
- Huihui Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-8289)
- J. Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-2560)
- Liang Xia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-7831)
- Yi Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8514-0843)
- P. Ge (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-8226)
- L. Y. Dong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-5050)
- Jingjing Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-7901)
- X. P. Qin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3736-619X)
- Tao Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-1391)
- T. Xiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6767-4674)
- B. A. Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-8933)
- C. Xie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9906-3081)
- H. L. Dai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-3848)
- Huan‐Huan Liu
- K. S. Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-9397)
- Yanqing Niu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-9305)
- Hao Xiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-1495)
- Y. Ding (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6992-8611)
- H. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2341-536X)
- Y. Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0770-0643)
- L. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0527-1777)
- Jianyu Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-8112)
- Y. X. Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0256-4320)
- X. Dong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-6268)
- Jiawei Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-498X)
- Heng Cai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-1744)
- J. Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-0048)
- C. L. Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-5015)
- N. Kalantar‐Nayestanaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-7200)
- G. Felici (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-6115)
- Xinyu Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9457-5145)
- F. Z. Qi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-2620)
- P. P. Su (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-3607)
- X. K. Zhou
- Y. J. Su (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-7453)
- Z. H. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-1130)
- C. X. Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7587-3365)
- J. F. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-3573)
- Z. A. Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8312-8893)
- M. Irshad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-6438)
- F. R. Zeng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4577-8786)
- H. Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5688-0870)
- Z. Qian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-7255)
- O. B. Kolcu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-1286)
- X. H. Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-1567)
- S. J. Qian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-481X)
- Yifan Yang
- Y. J. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8357-9251)
- Z. P. Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2004-2420)
- Y. R. Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7777-2098)
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- J. F. Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-7172)
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- S. Zhang
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- A. Sarantsev
- Y. Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6585)
- Q. J. Xu
- M. Greco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8687-7273)
- Y. C. Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2787-3448)
- F. A. Harris
- S. Pacetti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-3508)
- Y. G. Xie
- Y. Tian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-0634)
- M. Shao
- B. Kopf
- M. Wolke
- J. J. Cui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9951-4129)
- Z. T. Sun
- X. S. Qin
- K. J. Zhu
- J. Y. Zhao
- C. F. Redmer
- Yang Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6408-9858)
- S. H. Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4479-1093)
- X. Cai
- H. Qi
- G. Rong
- X. L. Kang
- S. Maldaner
- C. P. Shen
- S. Malde
- G. Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7039-3738)
- P. Larin
- S. P. Wen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-5338)
- S. X. Du (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4422-9016)
- Z. P. Mao
- Y. Xie
- Z. H. Zhang
- D. H. Wei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0886-8330)
- F. Bianchi
- A. Denig
- Y. Ban
- T. Lenz
- X. H. Mo
- M. Destefanis
- Y. J. Mao
- Q. Ouyang
- C. Geng
- Y. Jiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-1441)
- Z. H. Lei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-7930)
- Ziyi Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2961-3173)
- M. Kavatsyuk
- Kamil Leszek Fischer
- Q. A. Malik
- J. P. Dai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-8539)
- C. X. Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1569-8272)
- T. H. Lin
- B. X. Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4810)
- W. Kühn
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- Ke Li
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- Y. Yuan
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- N. Yu. Muchnoi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-0029)
- Lei Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6901-4038)
- Z. Jiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-5961)
- Y. Ma
- N. Hüsken
- X. Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-389X)
- J. H. Yin
- Y. Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-4865)
- S. Sosio
- H. F. Shen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-299X)
- S. S. Fang
- T. Y. Qi
- Y. N. Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-5993)
- T. J. Min
- M. Ye
- S. S. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5895-3502)
- J. B. Jiao
- X. L. Ji
- L. J. Wu
- X. R. Lyu
- J. X. Teng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2424-6019)
- Y. Nefedov
- G. F. Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-7828)
- G. R.
- S. Marcello
- M. Qi
- F. Yan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3098-2993)
- Y. K. Heng
- H. J. Lü (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-9775)
- X. Zhou
- G. R. Liao
- F. X. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9972-8004)
- Z. H. Qin
- Z. P. Xie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1698-1060)
- W. X. Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-5874)
- Q. Ji
- M. Fritsch
- G. Chelkov
- W. M. Liu
- Z. Q. Liu
- T. Hu
- X. H. Xie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5229-8431)
- Y. P. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8395-9502)
- Y. Jin
- X. Y. Zhai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5936-374X)
- T. Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2773-9773)
- J. Fang
- H. B. Li
- X. B. Ji
- Lei Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-5041)
- C. X. Liu
- Z. Y. You (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8645-0899)
- D. Bettoni
- H. C. Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1790-9562)
- Y. H. Yang
- D. Liu
- Y. Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-5751)
- Q. An (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5534-3469)
- Ying Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6638-8026)
- Fengyan Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2366-7038)
- Y. Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-0300)
- Z. Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7694-4987)
- L. Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-9202)
Institutions
- University of Science and Technology Liaoning (CN)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Liaoning University (CN)
- Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology (CN)
- Xinyang Normal University (CN)
- University of Hawaii System (US)
- Central South University (CN)
- Guangxi University (CN)
- Nanjing Normal University (CN)
- Liaoning Normal University (CN)
- North China Electric Power University (CN)
- Shandong University (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- COMSATS University Islamabad (PK)
- Hangzhou Normal University (CN)
- Hunan University (CN)
- Henan University of Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (DE)
- University of the Punjab (PK)
- Hunan Normal University (CN)
- Shanxi University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Yantai University (CN)
- University of Tarapacá (CL)
- South China Normal University (CN)
- Yunnan University (CN)
- Jilin University (CN)
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- Qufu Normal University (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Nankai University (CN)
- University of Münster (DE)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IN)
- Fudan University (CN)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Shandong Normal University (CN)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Guangxi Normal University (CN)
- China University of Geosciences (CN)
- Huangshan University (CN)
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (RU)
- University of Jinan (CN)
- Henan University of Technology (CN)
- Wuhan University (CN)
- Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Soochow University (CN)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Central China Normal University (CN)
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (PL)
- Institute of Physics and Technology (MN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara (IT)
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz (DE)
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Istinye University (TR)
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- Institute of Modern Physics (CN)
- Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (IT)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Hebei University (CN)
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (RU)
- China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Near East University (CY)
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Henan Normal University (CN)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Lanzhou University (CN)
- Southeast University (CN)
- Suranaree University of Technology (TH)
- Beihang University (CN)
- Nanjing University (CN)
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- University of South China (CN)
- Shanxi Normal University (CN)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2024-10-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51802-y
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.98
Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Strong
- Royal Society
- European Commission
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology
- Thailand Science Research and Innovation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Institute of High Energy Physics