Is prior bullying victimization associated with subsequent bullying perpetration? A theoretical framework based on the Threat‐Motivation model

This study demonstrates that prior bullying victimization is longitudinally and positively associated with subsequent bullying perpetration among adolescents. This process is mediated by fear of negative evaluation and psychache, with self-esteem and grade level as moderators. Based on these conclusions, we have formulated the Threat-Motivation Model, offering a framework to understand the relationship between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration. Practical implications, including strategies to reduce bullying in youth groups, are discussed.