International Commodity Governance: Softwood Timber Trade 1870–1970

Abstract This article explores the history of international softwood timber trade from the late 19 th century until the 1970s, focusing on governance and the interplay between public and private sectors. By examining the roles of business associations and international networks, it highlights how these entities have influenced market regulation, standardization, and resource distribution, thus representing significant forms of commodity governance. The study contextualizes the evolution of timber trade governance through periods of geopolitical challenges, world wars, and economic shifts, paying particular attention to the power dynamics between governments, trade associations, and international organizations such as the League of Nations and UN. This research reveals the continuity of governance practices pre- and post-1945, challenging the traditional periodization that separates pre-UNCTAD activities from subsequent developments in global commodity governance.