Analysis of Rainfall Distribution in Malaysia through the Employment of Hydro-Estimator Data

Rain rate influenced by atmospheric factors is related to rainfall patterns affected by climate change. Attenuation and signal losses due to rain are crucial constraints in communication systems such as 5G, microwave radio links and communication satellite systems. These communication systems have deteriorated from signal fading and distortion when exposed to rain. Signal fading by hydrometeor particles in the atmosphere may occur during wireless signal transmissions at frequencies higher than 10 GHz. In this paper, Hydro-Estimator data for Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak from the years 2011 to 2022 are extracted to determine the rain rate distribution, which is a crucial parameter for simulating and analyzing rain fade. Climate change affects rainfall distribution when signal transmission with higher frequency carries more data, thus resulting in a higher chance of signal losses and degradation. Long-term forecasts of the signal performance in 5G systems and high-frequency radio links frequencies due to hydrometeor can be developed by analyzing the effects of climate change based on the rainfall rate and the rain fade distribution.