Novel electrochemical sensor based on poly([Cu(H2O)2P2]I2)/GCE for the determination of trimethoprim in clinical samples and cow's milk samples

A Novel bioanalytical detector based on Poly(Diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline copper (II) Iodide) (poly([Cu(H₂O)₂P₂]I₂)/GCE) has been fabricated by potentiodynamic polymerization of [Cu(H₂O)₂P₂]I₂. The synthesized complex and the fabricated electrodes showed a promising electrocatalytic behavior towards the electrooxidation of Trimethoprim (TPM). Based on the regression coefficient value of scan rate with peak current and square root of peak current, the oxidation of TMP at poly([Cu(H₂O)₂P₂]I₂)/GCE was dominated by diffusion. Under the optimized experimental conditions and square wave voltammetric parameters, the poly([Cu(H₂O)₂P₂]I₂)/GCE revealed very wide responses in the range of concentration of 500 nM-160 μM with a limit of detection of 3.91 nM and a Limit of quantification of 13.02 nM with the relative standard deviation below 1.75 %. The valuable applicability of the fabricated sensor for the determination of TMP in real samples, including cow's milk, blood serum, and human urine, was successfully investigated. The electroanalysis results from the spike recovery and interference study provided an excellent range of recovery with an error percent of below 3.0 % in the combination effect with the potential interferents. The sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, sensitivity, long-term stability, high accuracy, and fast response. The developed bioanalytical sensor revealed the best application prospect for biomedicine and environmental monitoring activities.