Trend, Level, and Predictors of Glycemic Control among Iranians with Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Objective We aimed to determine the trend, level, and predictors of glycemic control among adult type 2 diabetes on regular follow-up. Material and Method A 12-year unmatched retrospective cohort study was conducted at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics was computed for most variables, such as sociodemographic factors, medication-related factors, and disease-related factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the functional independent predictors of good glycemic control among type 2 diabetes. Results A total of 297 patients with regular follow-up were included in this study. Patients' mean body mass index was 28.51 ± 4.61 kg/m2. The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c %) was 7.4 ± 1.25%. One hundred thirteen (30%) patients achieved the glycemic control target (i.e., HbA1c < 7.0%). The mean systolic blood pressure level was 132.88 ± 16.23 mm Hg. The mean diastolic blood pressure level was 76.58 ± 9.2 mm Hg. The mean level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was 79.23 ± 28.69 mg/dL. The highest trend of glycemic control was recorded in 2014 to 2015 (49.5%). Age less than 50 years, taking oral antidiabetic monotherapy, having blood pressure (BP) less than 140/90 mm Hg, and having LDL-cholesterol level < 70 mg/dL were independently associated with good glycemic control. Conclusion Glycemic control levels among type 2 diabetes on regular follow-up were low. Young age was negatively associated with good glycemic control. Taking oral antidiabetic monotherapy, achieving BP, and meeting LDL-cholesterol targets were positively associated with good glycemic control. Therefore, addressing these factors can improve glycemic control and reduce associated complications.