Climate change and its threats to water security in Algeria: an analytical study of the water stress index

Algeria seeks to improve its economy by improving its water security. Because the lack of water supply is considered a security threat. Countries strive to maintain their water security. Because it is related to food and political and economic security. The world is experiencing the problem of climate change. The rate of droughts and floods increased, groundwater storage decreased, and soil salinity increased, causing pollution of surface waters. Water resources are intrinsically linked to environmental protection and economic development. This makes governments plan to counteract the threat of climatic factors to water security. In this research, we will conduct a study on a water resource, as in the case of the Chlef Valley in Algeria, which is closely related to the current global water security concerns. Where the influence of climatic factors such as wind, rain, humidity, and precipitation is studied. The factors affecting water stress, often referred to as drought stress, are measured when the lack of water reaches a level that negatively affects the growth and development of plants. Fresh water is considered a limited resource that is naturally replenished over time. Due to climate changes, land use, and increased water extraction, this balance can be disrupted; the relationship between the conservation of Water Resources and water security is discussed, and basic recommendations for their conservation are also given.