Fractionalized order PID controller design for three tanks liquid level control

In order to control the liquid level in a Continuous Tank System (CTS), a Fractionalized-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FrOPID) controller was developed, as this paper describes. To identify the ideal controller parameters, the study investigates the proposed controller in conjunction with a number of traditional PID tuning techniques. The system's stability is further confirmed by a thorough examination of its operation that takes into account both frequency-domain properties (gain and phase margins) and time-domain metrics (settling time and overshoot). The effectiveness of the proposed Prairie Dog Optimization-based FrOPID (PDO/FrOPID) controller is evaluated in detail through a comparative analysis with classical PID controllers optimized using advanced metaheuristic algorithms, such as the hybrid differential evolution PSO with an aging leader and challengers (ALC-PSODE), particle swarm optimization (PSO), covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), and arithmetic optimization algorithm with Harris hawks optimization (AOA-HHO). The results illustrate the PDO/FrOPID controller's efficacy for practical industrial applications by showing that it exhibits improved convergence, stability, and optimization capabilities. The potential of Fractionalized-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FrOPID) control in controlling liquid levels in three-tank systems is highlighted in this study. The PDO/FrOPID controller performs better than benchmark algorithms, demonstrating its usefulness in industrial control settings and advancing the fields of process optimization and metaheuristic-based control systems. By using cutting-edge control techniques like the Fractionalized-Order PID (FrOPID) controller, engineers and practitioners now have more chances to improve industrial processes and automation.