Karyotype’s Rearrangement in Some Hybrids of the Orchidinae Subtribe

Based on our karyological findings in the <i>Anacamptis</i> Rich., <i>Ophrys</i> L., and <i>Serapias</i> L. genera, we have identified chromosomal markers within some hybrids and elucidated their interrelationships. Mitotic chromosomes of fifteen taxa were analyzed using the conventional Feulgen staining method. Only for <i>Anacamptis ×gennarii</i> (Rchb. f.) H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & Dietr. [<i>A. morio</i> (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase × <i>A. papilionacea</i> (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase] and its parental species were some data obtained and reported with the banding method with Giemsa, Hoechst 33258 fluorochrome, and the FISH techniques. Our research involved new chromosomal measurements of fifteen taxa, including six hybrids, along with schematic representations. Morphometric parameters, i.e., M_CA and CV_CL, were used to evaluate karyotype asymmetry. Of meaning were the analyses performed on chromosomal complements of selected hybrids, which distinctly revealed marker chromosomes present in one or both putative parental species. Among the parents identified in some hybrids, <i>Ophrys tenthredinifera</i> Willd. has shown some interest due to the presence in its karyotype of a pair of chromosomes (n.1) showing a notable secondary constriction on the long arm. Indeed, one of the homologs is clearly distinguishable in the analyzed hybrids, where it clearly emerges as one of the putative parents. Given the challenges in detecting certain karyomorphological features within the Orchidinae subtribe using alternative methods, such as Giemsa C-banding or fluorescence banding, the Feulgen method remains valuable for cytogenetic characterization. It helps us to understand the genomes of hybrids and parental species, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of their genetic composition.