AsyncGBP+: Bridging SSL/TLS and Heterogeneous Computing Power With GPU-Based Providers

The rapid evolution of GPUs has emerged as a promising solution for accelerating the worldwide used SSL/TLS, which faces performance bottlenecks due to its underlying heavy cryptographic computations. Nevertheless, substantial structural adjustments from the parallel mode of GPUs to the serial mode of the SSL/TLS stack are imperative, potentially constraining the practical deployment of GPUs. In this paper, we propose AsyncGBP<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{+}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, a three-level framework that facilitates the seamless conversion of cryptographic requests from synchronous to asynchronous mode. We conduct an in-depth analysis of the OpenSSL provider and cryptographic primitive features relevant to GPU implementations, aiming to fully exploit the potential of GPUs. Notably, AsyncGBP<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{+}$</tex-math></inline-formula> supports three working settings (offline/online/hybrid), finely tailored for various public key cryptographic primitives, including traditional ones like X25519, Ed25519, ECDSA, and the quantum-safe CRYSTALS-Kyber. A comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that AsyncGBP<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{+}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can efficiently achieve an improvement of up to 137.8<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> compared to the default OpenSSL provider (for X25519, Ed25519, ECDSA) and 113.30<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> compared to OpenSSL-compatible <monospace>liboqs</monospace> (for CRYSTALS-Kyber) in a single-process setting. Furthermore, AsyncGBP<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{+}$</tex-math></inline-formula> surpasses the current fastest commercial-off-the-shelf OpenSSL-compatible TLS accelerator with a 5.3<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> to 7.0<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> performance improvement.