Optimizing Vehicle Dispatching and Routing Plan for Last-Mile Customized Bus Service

Customized bus services have the potential to significantly improve the quality and coverage of the public transit system. In this paper, we analyze the vehicle dispatching and routing optimization method for last-mile ridesharing services from the perspective of customized bus operators. We propose a deterministic optimization model to address the last-mile ridesharing problem, in which customers' requests are known in advance. The model focuses on minimizing the total operational cost while ensuring timely transportation for all passengers. A numerical experiment is conducted to show the effectiveness of our proposed model.