Management of Physical Impairments, Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Perspectives From Physiotherapists

Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) present a high risk of long-term neuromusculoskeletal (NMSK) sequelae. Clinical guidelines for specific management of these complications are still lacking. The aim of this study is to (1) describe current physiotherapy practice with cALL survivors at one of Canada’s specialized pediatric oncology centers, (2) explore perceived optimal management of long-term NMSK sequelae by physiotherapists, and (3) identify the barriers and facilitators for its in-clinic implementation. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study with a focus group using a semi-structured interview guide was conducted with physiotherapists (n = 6) from one of Canada’s specialized pediatric oncology centers. We performed a hybrid analysis including both a deductive and an inductive approach using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results: Even though the participants were experts in managing NMSK sequelae in survivors of cALL, standardized management of these patients is lacking. Physiotherapists described their perceived optimal management of NMSK sequelae as systematic and interdisciplinary. Barriers (eg, relative priority and availability of resources) and facilitators (eg, relative benefit and commitment) for implementing this perceived optimal management were identified. Conclusion: Physiotherapy management could improve care and services offered to survivors of cALL. The identification of barriers and facilitators to best practice offers relevant potential solutions to explore in order to improve and optimize management of this patient group.