Iron deficiency anemia and diet therapy: review of theoretical aspects and practical background

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent nutritional disorder worldwide, affecting more than 4 billion people. It is associated with iron deficiency, which negatively impacts development as well as adult performance.Objective: To update the theoretical framework and research background on diet therapy for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.Method: A narrative review of the updated literature was conducted using recognized databases.Development: Diet therapy is presented as a key strategy to address iron deficiency anemia, focusing on improving the intake of iron-rich foods and combining these with sources of vitamin C to improve its absorption. In addition, alternative treatments have been investigated, such as intravenous iron infusion. Globally, studies have shown that intravenous iron may be more effective and less expensive in certain populations, such as those with inflammatory bowel diseases. In Ecuador, the Health and Nutrition Survey revealed high rates of iron deficiency anemia, especially in areas with high levels of poverty, highlighting the need for adequate nutritional interventions.Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia is a significant public health problem. Diet therapy is essential for its prevention and treatment, complemented by research demonstrating the efficacy of different therapeutic methods. In Ecuador and worldwide, it is crucial to implement nutritional and health strategies that address the underlying causes of this condition, thus improving the quality of life of affected populations