Data visualisation for decision making under deep uncertainty: current challenges and opportunities

Abstract This perspective article explores the role of data visualisation in decision-making under deep uncertainty (DMDU), a growing discipline tackling complex socio-environmental challenges, such as climate impacts and adaptation, natural resource management, and preparedness for extreme events. We discuss the role of visualisation for both analysis (or exploratory ) purposes, as well as communication (or explanatory ) purposes, including to stakeholders and the public. We identify a lack of comprehensive guidelines on how visualisations are currently used and their potential in enhancing DMDU processes. Drawing on literature and insights from a recent workshop, we identify key challenges DMDU analysts face when visualising data: managing complexity and dimensionality, effectively communicating uncertainty, and ensuring user engagement and interpretability. We propose a research agenda to address these challenges, by taxonomising and evaluating the effectiveness of different visual forms in decision-making contexts, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. We argue that, through these efforts, we can improve the communication and usability of DMDU analyses, ultimately aiding in more informed and adaptive decision-making in the face of deep uncertainty.