How to interpret Jiangnan gardens: a study of the spatial layout of Jiangnan gardens from the perspective of fractal geometry

Abstract This study contributes to design studies by offering a novel approach to understanding the spatial layout of Jiangnan gardens through the lens of fractal geometry. Analyzing 106 gardens, we found that the ideal fractal dimension range for Jiangnan gardens is 1.148 ~ 1.276, with gardens in the 2500 ~ 7200 m 2 range exhibiting the highest complexity (1.238 ~ 1.276). Additionally, for gardens ranging from 2500 ~ 20,000 m 2 , the maximum spacious space area stabilizes, no longer expanding indefinitely with overall area. This suggests a design principle of spatial proportion and balance. By quantifying spatial complexity and the contrast between spacious and profund spaces, the study provides a new method for evaluating garden design and can help students and designers better apply the principles of Jiangnan garden design.