Technology of Using Existing Natural Gas Pipelines for Long Distance Hydrogen Storage and Transportation

Abstract The storage and transportation of hydrogen is a key link in the large-scale application of hydrogen. The current application mode of hydrogen is usually to produce hydrogen near the using units (such as oil refineries, fertilizer plants, etc.). In the future, the hydrogen energy industry will be based on scattered renewable energy, which will rely on long-distance and large-scale storage and transportation technology. Based on the advantages of existing infrastructure, blending hydrogen into natural gas pipeline networks is seen as a feasible solution for long-distance and low-cost hydrogen transportation. This paper summarizes the results of the desk research for mechanical properties of steels as a function of hydrogen pressure. Then the inspection and leakage detection methods are introduced. Through the technological analysis of hydrogen separation approaches, the paper explores the hydrogen supply chains. In an effort to provide a comprehensive outlook, the paper also outlines some inspirational pilot projects in the context of hydrogen blending and transport by existing or new pipelines. The technical evaluation method and future development of natural gas pipeline hydrogen transportation are discussed at the last section.