Comparison between three different delivery technologies of virtual nature on psychological state related to general stress recovery: An experimental study

Visiting nature has been shown to have several benefits for psychological state related to general stress recovery. However, for many people, access to nature is limited. Technological development has made it possible to deliver nature environments virtually. The present study examines the benefits of a same virtual nature (forest) environment delivered through different technologies on psychological state related to general stress recovery, more precisely, on restoration, current stress, subjective vitality, and affective response. The main focus is on comparing three different delivery technologies of virtual nature: TV (75″), VR headset (Meta Quest 2), and virtual nature room (30m 2 ). The study applies a three-condition randomized trial with pre-post assessments and a crossover design, where 62 participants visited once in each condition for a 15-minute exposure of virtual nature (360-degree video with congruent soundscape). The participants responded to psychological measures before and after each condition. Overall, participants’ restoration increased, while current stress and negative affect decreased during the exposure. In comparison to the TV (control) condition, both the VR headset condition and the virtual nature room condition had a better impact on psychological state related to general stress recovery, as restoration and subjective vitality increased more. There were no statistically significant differences between the VR headset and virtual nature room conditions in any of the measures. • 15-minute virtual nature exposure is effective for psychological stress recovery • Restoration increased, while stress and negative affect decreased during the exposure • Virtual reality headset had a better impact on psychological stress recovery than TV • Virtual nature room had a better impact on psychological stress recovery than TV • No differences between the VR headset and virtual nature room conditions were observed