Theoretical and technological fundamentals of pulse electrolysis for the production of electro- and catalytically active materials based on Pt, Pd, Sn and graphene nanostructures

Currently, there is a significant focus on developing and implementing environmentally friendly technologies in both industry and daily life (electrochemical energy technologies, catalytic technologies for neutralisation of gas emissions, water purification). Most of them are based on the using of electro- and catalytically active materials. The production procedures of such materials are also required to be neutral with regard to the environment. Pulse electrolysis can be an effective way of obtaining electro- and catalytically active dispersed materials by combining a number of processes occurring in both liquid and solid phases. We established the conditions necessary to obtain Pt, Pd, Sn and graphene-based powder non-hydrated crystalline products with electro- and catalytic activity. Based on an analysis of well-known effects occurring in the conditions of pulse electrolysis in aqueous electrolytes and own experimental data on the behaviour of Pt, Pd, Sn and expanded graphite in such conditions, a conceptual model of the process of obtaining dispersed materials is proposed. This model describes the mutual influence of electrical, temperature and concentration effects and can be used as a basis for the development of a new technology for obtaining electro- and catalytically active materials.