Modeling and Simulation of an Integrated Synchronous Generator Connected to an Infinite Bus through a Transmission Line in Bond Graph

Most electrical energy generation systems are based on synchronous generators; as a result, their analysis always provides interesting findings, especially if an approach different to those traditionally studied is used. Therefore, an approach involving the modeling and simulation of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus through a transmission line in a bond graph is proposed. The behavior of the synchronous generator is analyzed in four case studies of the transmission line: (1) a symmetrical transmission line, where the resistance and inductance of the three phases (a,b,c) are equal, which determine resistances and inductances in coordinates (d,q,0) as individual decoupled elements; (2) a symmetrical transmission line for the resistances and for non-symmetrical inductances in coordinates (a,b,c) that result in resistances that are individual decoupled elements and in a field of inductances in coordinates (d,q,0); (3) a non-symmetrical transmission line for resistances and for symmetrical inductances in coordinates (a,b,c) that produce a field of resistances and inductances as individual elements decoupled in coordinates (d,q,0); and (4) a non-symmetrical transmission line for resistances and inductances in coordinates (a,b,c) that determine resistances and inductance fields in coordinates (d,q,0). A junction structure based on a bond graph model that allows for obtaining the mathematical model of this electrical system is proposed. Due to the characteristics of a bond graph, model reduction can be carried out directly and easily. Therefore, reduced bond graph models for the four transmission line case studies are proposed, where the transmission line is seen as if it were inside the synchronous generator. In order to demonstrate that the models obtained are correct, simulation results using the 20-Sim software are shown. The simulation results determine that for a symmetrical transmission line, currents in the generator in the d and q axes are −25.87 A and 0.1168 A, while in the case of a non-symmetrical transmission line, these currents are −26.14 A and 0.0211 A, showing that for these current magnitudes, the generator is little affected due to the parameters of the generator and the line. However, for a high degree of non-symmetry of the resistances in phases a, b and c, it causes the generator to reach an unstable condition, which is shown in the last simulation of the paper.